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Cytology |
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| Cytology
means "the study of cells". Cytology
is that branch of life science, which deals with
the study of cells in terms of structure, function
and chemistry. Robert Hooke is considered as the
father of cytology.
YEAR…………..SCIENTIST…………………….DISCOVERY
1590…. Z. Janssen & H. Janssen….
Produced the 1st operational compound microscope.
1665..…..Robert Hooke………..…Observed
dead cork cells and introduced the term “cell”
to describe them
1674…………Anton Von Leeuwenhoek……..Discovered
the first living cell which was a protozoa.
1675…….Anton Von Leeuwenhoek….
Discovered a bacteria
1831…………Robert Brown…………….
Discovered nucleus
1833………. Robert Brown…………….Discovered
the cell nucleus in the flowering plant Tradescantia
1835……………Felix Dujardin……………Described
protoplasm in protozoa & considered it to
be living matter.
1838 - 1839……………The
botanist Jakob Matthias Schleiden (in 1838) and
the biologist Theodor Schwann……………proposed
the cell theory. The cell theory states that the
cells are the fundamental particles of both plants
and animals, the cell retains a dual existence
as a distinct entity and as a building block and
the cells are formed by spontaneous generation
1839……………J.E
Purkinje……………proposed
the name protoplasm
1844……………Hans
Christian Gram……………devised
the gram staining method
1848…………… Hofmeister……………saw
the Chromosomes first
1850……………Kolliker……………
Describes mitochondria in muscle
1855……………Rudolph
Virchow…………… modified
the third statement of cell theory & stated
that all cells arise from pre- existing cells
1862……………Albrecht
Kolliker……………introduced
the term cytoplasm
1866……………Ernst
Haeckel…………… established
that the nucleus was responsible for storing
& transmitting hereditary characters
1874……………Fontana……………
discovered nucleolus
1875……………Van Beneden……………
observed the centriole
1879…………… W. Flemming……………
observed Cell division first in salamander
1882……………W. Flemming
coined the term mitosis
1882……………Robert
Koch…………… uses
aniline dyes to identify bacteria causing TB
& cholera
1887…………… Weismann……………
Discovered meiosis
1888…………… w. Waldeyer……………
saw Darkly stained rod like structures during
nuclear division and called it chromosomes
1888…………… Theodor
Boveri…………… termed
the complex formed of centriole & centrosphere
as centrosome
1898……………Camilo
Golgi…………… stains
cell with silver nitrate, discovering the Golgi
apparatus
1899……………Altmann……………
introduced the term nucleic acid
1901-1903……………W.LJohannsen……………
coined the word gene.
1905…………… J.B
Farmer…………… coined
the term meiosis which means to reduce or diminish
1924……………R.Feulgen
& H.Rossenbeck……………
described a test for the presence of DNA
1929……………K.Lohmann
discovered ATP, the source of energy in biochemical
reactions.
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1931……………Ernst
Ruska ……………builds
first transmission electron microscope organelles.1935……………James
Danielli & Hugh Davson……………
were the first to propose a molecular model of
the plasma membrane
1944……………Keith Porter
& Albert Claude……………
took the first picture of an intact cell with
the electron microscope.
1944……………O.T Avery,
C.M Mc Loed & M. Mc Carty……………
showed the significance of DNA as the hereditary
material by studies of transformation in bacteria.
1945……………Keith Porter
used the term endoplasmic reticulum to identify
a fine reticulum in endoplasm of the cell.
1953……………J.D Watson
& F.H.C Crick proposed a model for the DNA
molecule
1953 February 28……………Watson
and Crick…………… made
their first announcement on the double-helix structure
for DNA
1955……………Christian
de Duve…………… discovered
lysosome
1955……………Palade……………
discovered Ribosome
1957……………Seymour
Benzer…………… gave
the concept of cistron, the functional unit of
gene
1959…………… Robertson……………
coined the name plasma membrane
1972……………S. Jonathan
Singer & Garth Nicholson……………
proposed the fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane.
According to this model, the membrane is a continuous
bi lipid layer having integrated protein molecules.
1981……………Lynn Margulis……………
published Symbiosis in Cell Evolution detailing
the endosymbiotic theory.1989……………C.Benda……………
introduced the term mitochondria
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